Puisi Lama

Bidal

Bidal adalah jenis puisi lama dalam bentuk peribahasa dalam sastra Melayu lama yang kebanyakan berisi sindiran, peringatan, nasihat, dan sejenisnya. Bidal merupakan jenis peribahasa yang memiliki arti lugas, irama, dan rima. Sehingga bidal dapat digolongkan ke dalam jenis puisi.

Ciri-ciri bidal yaitu bidal biasanya berupa kalimat singkat yang memiliki makna kiasan atau figurative yang bertujuan menangkis, menyanggah, dan menyindir. Pengungkapan pikiran dan perasaan demikian tidak secara langsung, tetapi dengan sindiran, ibarat, dan perbandingan.

Dalam penulisan bidal terdiri dari bebrapa kategori yang perlu diketahu.Bidal dibagi menjadi beberapa kategori:

·         Ungkapan yaitu kiasan tentang keadaan atau kelakauan yang dinyatakan dengan sepatah atau beberapa patah kata.

·         Peribahasa yaitu kalimat yang menggunakan pembanding untuk melukiskan sesuatu.

·         Tamsil yaitu seperti perumpamaan tetapi dikuti bagian kalimat yang menjelaskan.

·         Ibarat yaitu seperti perumpamaan dan tamsil tetapi diikuti bagian yang menjelaskan yang berisi perbandingan dengan alam.

·         Pepatah yaitu kiasan tetap yang dinyatakan dalam kalimat selesai.

·         Pemeo yaitu ucapan yang terkenal dan diulang-ulang, berfungsi sebagai semboyan atau pemacu semangat.

Contoh Bidal:

·         Bagai kerakap di atas batu, hidup segan mati tak mau.

·         Ada ubi ada talas, ada budi ada balas.

·         Ikan sepat ikan gabus, makin cepat makin bagus.

·         Anak nalayan mambaok cangkua, mananam ubi ditanah Derek. Baban sakoyan dapek dipikua, budi seketek taraso barek.
Artinya: Beban yang berat dapat dipikul, tapi bidi sedikit terasa berat.

In ICT, we learn about The effects of using ICT.

Health and safety issues when using computers

The potential health hazards when using computers

•Back and neck ache

•Repetitive strain injury (RSI)

•Eyestrain/headaches

Back/neck aches: the problems

•Caused by incorrect posture

•Computer users tend to slouch

•Laptop users frequently work with computer on their knees

•Working in cramped conditions

•Can be made worse by a poorly designed/non-adjustable chair

Prevention of back/neck ache

•Use an adjustable chair

•Make sure you make adjustments to the chair to suit you

•Sit up straight – do not slouch

•Ensure screen is at the correct angle and directly in front of you

Eyestrain

Causes blurred vision and headaches.

Caused by:

•Using the screen for long periods

•Working without the best lighting conditions

•Glare/reflections on the screen

•Dirt on the screen

Preventing eyestrain

•Keep the screen clear

•Use appropriate lighting

•Avoid glare by using adjustable blinds

•Take regular breaks

•Look away from the screen to focus on a distant object at regular intervals

•Have regular eye-tests

•Avoid screen flicker

•Change to an LCD screen if you have an old CRT one

Repetitive strain injury

•Can be caused by typing at a computer for a long time

•Can be caused by using a mouse for long periods

•Causes aches in hands, wrists, arms and neck

•Can eventually be painful and disabling

•Can be avoided

Avoiding RSI

•Take regular breaks

•Ensure you have enough workspace

•Use an ergonomic mouse/keyboard

•Use a document holder

•Use a wrist rest

•Keep your wrists straight when keying in

•Position the mouse so your wrist can be kept straight

•Learn how to type properly

How to shading use pencil

Shading is the most important part in drawing realistic. Nice shading can provide a variety of textures in the image. In this article I will explain the basic techniques of shading.
In addition to the required pencil tool when shading is blendingnya tool (a tool to smooth / blend shading) as torrtilon, blending stump, or which can be as easy in the tissue, cotton, and a cotton bud.

pencil to note is that the results should always be pointed arsirannya gently and evenly. Because the paper has a scalloped texture, if a blunt pencil shading with pencil tip will not touch the deepest part of the paper, can only touch the surface of the deep.

In shading also need meperhatian thick thin it would make the work more volume, in mengarsiran also need to see from which direction the light comes
for example, the light from the left then when shading on the right side should be thicker and more to the left is getting thinner, I'd suggest using pencils 2B, 4B, 6B and 8B.

Well, that picture looks realistic. Shading direction should match the form of the object. So that the resulting image does not look so flat.

In ICT grade 10, I learn about Operting System.

OPERATING SYSTEM

What is Operating System?
The Operating System (OS) of a computer is the complex software that actually controls the input, output and storage devices of the computer, as well as acting as an interface between the user and any other software that is installed.


Example of Operating System:

Microsoft Windows XP, Microsoft Windows NT, LINUX and UNIX are different operating systems that can be used to control computers.

    What Can Operating System Does?

• Managing the priorities for each programming task that is running

•Allocating and keeping track of the memory used for storing programs and data

•Managing the transfer of data between memory and the backing store

•Handling input operations from the user and from other input devices

•Handling output operations

•Managing the system security

Graphical User Interface, sometimes called a WIMP interface (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer).

The contents of folders (directories) and the output from programs are displayed in rectangular 'windows' which
can be moved. Icons (small pictures) are used to represent files or software and the mouse can be used to move the icons, run programs and select options from the menus.

 Features of a good GUI:

a)      Items are placed in similar positions on different screens.

b)      Navigation between screens is easy and consistent with an escape route available to return to a main screen.

c)       Text should be easy to read for all users.

Command Line Interface, commands are typed directly into the computer and then the enter button is pressed to run them.

The commands must be entered correctly and are often abbreviated. They can be difficult to remember.

Example:

c:>copy c:\examplefile.doc a:

 This command would copy a file called 'examplefile.doc' from the hard drive (drive C) to a floppy disk (drive A).

 This command would copy a file called 'examplefile.doc' from the hard drive (drive C) to a floppy disk (drive A).

CLI	GUI
The user has to know the commands or look them up	The commands are much more intuitive
The commands usually have to be entered in full	Command shortcuts are possible such as <Ctrl> C to copy
The user has to learn the commands and more training is needed	Less learning and training by the user is required
The interface can be more difficult to use and the user is more likely to make mistakes	The GUI is more user-friendly
There are no graphics	Graphics are used to represent tasks, files etc.
There are no menus	Menus are used for making choices and selections
The user has complete control	The user choices are restricted to those on the menus
Commands have to be entered accurately with the correct spellings and syntax (rules)	Spelling and typing errors are avoided
No pointing device is used	A pointing device is used to select items and make choices

In school, we learn about Paragraph Writing

PARAGRAPH WRITING

Topic Sentence

Topic Sentence is the topic sentence is the first sentences in a paragraph.It introduces the main idea of the paragraph.Summarize the main idea of your paragraph. Indicate to the reader what your paragraph will be about.

Example:

There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.

Supporting Sentence

Support sentences (notice the plular) provide explanations and support for the topic sentences (main idea) of your paragrap.

In addition to examples, support sentences may also contain: explanations/reasons,
descriptions, processes, statistics, comparisons/contrasts, arguments, causes/effects,
facts, and so on.

There is no rule about how much support you should give to your topic sentence,
however, three pieces of support is a good number; not too much and not too little.

Concluding Sentence

The concluding sentence shows the reader that your paragraph is finished.  There are
different things you can write in a concluding sentence, such as:1.  summarize the paragraph

With its unique properties, glass is a versatile
material with many uses.

2.  give your final thoughts or personal opinion

With its unique properties, I believe glass will
continue to be widely used for hundreds of years to come.

3.  transition to the next paragraph (if there is more than one)

While glass has many unique properties, gold is also
very useful in addition to being very rare.

In long essays, textbooks, or a thesis or dissertation, it is not necessary that every
paragraph have a concluding sentence.


Transitional Sentece

The transitional sentecesprepares the reader for following the paragraph.